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Main battle tankRussia · 2003 — present · Active

T-90S Bhishma

Bhishma

The armoured fist of India's strike corps.

T-90M main battle tank.
Photo via Wikimedia by Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, licensed CC BY 4.0.
Overview

About the Bhishma

The T-90 is a third-generation Russian main battle tank developed from, and designed to replace the T-72. It uses a 125 mm 2A46 smoothbore main gun, the 1A45T fire-control system, an upgraded engine, and gunner's thermal sight. Standard protective measures include a blend of steel and composite armour, smoke grenade dischargers, Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armour (ERA) and the Shtora infrared anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) jamming system.

History

Service history

India ordered 310 T-90S in 2001 after Pakistan acquired the T-80UD, and moved quickly to licence production at the Heavy Vehicles Factory in Avadi. With well over a thousand in service it is now the most numerous modern tank in the inventory and equips the armoured formations facing the western border. An overhaul and upgrade line opened in 2024.

Highlights

Combat edge

01

Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armour

02

Shtora-1 infrared countermeasure suite

03

Fires the 9M119 Refleks gun-launched ATGM

04

Licence-built at Avadi with rising indigenous content

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